Information Systems Resilience: The Role of Flexibility and Stability

This paper contributes to conceptualization of information system resilience. By building upon and extending the framework of Heeks and Ospina (2019), we argue that an information system's ability to be resilient lies in its balance between stability and flexibility. Based on empirical findings we suggest that a stable core and flexibility to change is crucial when a digital system is faced with unforeseen adversities. We hope to contribute to more theorizing of the information system resilience and inspire further research on this subject. The paper may also have practical value for stakeholders working with implementation of national information systems in the health sector. This is a qualitative case study conducted together with the Health Information Systems Programme (HISP) at the Institute of Informatics, University of Oslo. Our findings are based on empirical insights related to the DHIS2 software during the Covid-19 response. © 2022 Owner/Author.

Teaching menopause to health care professionals

The menopause is a stage in the life cycle that affects all women. Managing perimenopausal and postmenopausal health is therefore a key issue for all healthcare professionals, not just gynecologists. The curriculum should include terminology and definitions, assessment, diagnosis and evidence-based management strategies. Healthcare professionals should be aware that women have different perceptions and experiences of the menopause which may be determined by: age and type of menopause, pre-existing health conditions, disability, employment and adverse childhood events. Specialist services may be required for some. These include women with chronic disease, premature ovarian insufficiency or early menopause or pre-existing health conditions and disability, as well as transgender and gender-nonconforming people. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the mode of delivering healthcare from face-to-face only to include virtual consultations. Teaching now needs to include both types of consultations. A holistic approach is required and teaching should be provided by an accredited expert. Rees M, Abernethy K, Bachmann G, et al. The essential menopause curriculum for healthcare professionals: A European Menopause and Andropause Society (EMAS) position statement. Maturitas. 2022;158:70-77. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2021.12.001Copyright © 2023

Associations between adverse childhood experiences and conspiracy endorsement - the mediating role of epistemic trust and personality functioning: A representative study during the COVID-19 pandemic

Aim: Conspiracy endorsement has gained much attention in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, as it constitutes a major public health challenge that is associated with reduced adherence to preventative measures. However, little is known about the developmental backdrops and personality characteristics that render an individual prone to conspiracy endorsement. There is a growing body of evidence implying a detrimental role of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) - a highly prevalent burden - in the development of epistemic trust and personality functioning. This study aimed to investigate the association between ACEs and conspiracy endorsement as well as the mediating role of epistemic trust and personality functioning. Method(s): Analyses are based on cross-sectional representative data of the German population collected during the COVID-19 pandemic (N = 2501). Structural equation modelling (SEM) with personality functioning (OPD-SQS) and epistemic trust (ETMCQ) as mediators of the association between ACEs and conspiracy endorsement were conducted. Result(s): In total, 20.4% (n = 508) of all participants endorsed conspiracies. There was a significant association between ACEs and conspiracy endorsement (beta = 0.25, p < 0.001;explained variance 6%). The variance of conspiracy endorsement increased to 19% after adding epistemic trust and personality functioning as mediators (beta = 0.12, p < 0.001), indicating a partial mediation and direct prediction from these mediators. Fit indices demonstrated a good model fit. Conclusion(s): Evidence on the far-reaching and detrimental effects of early childhood adversities are further increased by demonstrating an association between ACEs and conspiracy endorsement. Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms by including epistemic trust and personality functioning.Copyright © 2023

Existential resilience and Covid-19: What existential coaching can offer

The Covid-19 pandemic has been an existential boundary situation on a global scale. Existential resilience includes the ability to navigate through existential crises and creates resources to help people avoid paralysis as to keep moving in the face of existential calamity. There are practical ways in which they may foster existential resilience through explorations of past challenges, recognising existential themes in everyday life and through learning new coping strategies. Existential resilience is hence based on several assumptions that help to differentiate it from resilience in the context of more general challenges. There are numerous ways in which people may nurture existential resilience across several levels and which coaches may use as a framework for working with clients both during and post-pandemic. Existential resilience kicks in when existential themes are at the root of the adversity. Existential coaching presents a fertile ground to nurture existential resilience due to its defining characteristics grounded in existential philosophy and equips people to better deal with life's inevitable existential crises, including the effects of similarly inevitable future pandemics. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

An interpretive phenomenological analysis of resilience: Implications for social work practice during contemporary social issues

Resilience is generally defined as one's ability to adapt, surpass, or rebound from the experience or threat of substantial adversity. The study of resilience is an essential and complex component of social work practice, yet research suggests that many social workers struggle with proficient knowledge as well as the mindful application of the critical construct of resilience theory. As a result, a social worker's theoretical approach may lack the focus on the constructs, aims, tenets, and assumptions of resilience theory when applied to work with diverse, marginalized, vulnerable, and disenfranchised populations. This holds especially true in challenging times such as civil unrest and global crises (i.e., the COVID-19 pandemic) when social workers are bombarded with the needs of their consumers, their community, and their own interpersonal needs. This study sought to understand how constructs of resiliency theory can be instrumental in understanding how social workers make meaning of resilience as they respond to the intersectional adversity experienced during contemporary social issues. The responses from the social workers' interviews suggested three major themes: Resilience is Active Rather Than Passive, Prior Experiences Shape Resilience Understanding, and Resilience Perspectives Impacts Social Work Practice. The findings of this qualitative research project will generate opportunities to integrate resiliency theory into a unified framework for reflective and culturally responsive social work practice in these challenging times. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Childhood Adversity, Resilience, and Paranoia During the COVID-19 Outbreak. The Mediating Role of Irrational Beliefs and Affective Disturbance.

Childhood adversity (CA) and resilience may impact on paranoia, but mechanisms underlying these associations are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated two potential candidates: irrational beliefs and affective disturbance. Moreover, we investigated the potential moderating role of COVID-19 perceived stress in these associations. A community sample (N = 419, m age = 27.32 years, SD = 8.98; 88.10% females) completed self-report measures. Results indicated that paranoia was significantly associated with CA and resilience (p < .05), and both irrational beliefs and affective disturbance (i.e., depressive and anxiety symptoms) mediated the associations between CA and paranoia. Moreover, depressive and anxiety symptoms partially explained the mediating role of irrational beliefs. These predictive models explained up to 23.52% of variance in paranoia (F(3,415) = 42.536, p < .001). Findings on resilience and paranoia replicated these results, and COVID-19 perceived stress moderated the association between resilience and ideas of persecution. Overall, these findings underscore the importance of irrational beliefs, depressive and anxiety symptoms in high CA or low resilience individuals experiencing paranoia. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10942-023-00511-4.

Maternal distress and parenting during COVID-19: differential effects related to pre-pandemic distress?

BACKGROUND: Distinguishing whether and how pre-existing characteristics impact maternal responses to adversity is difficult: Does prior well-being decrease the likelihood of encountering stressful experiences? Does it protect against adversity's negative effects? We examine whether the interaction between relatively uniformly experienced adversity (due to COVID-19 experience) and individual variation in pre-existing (i.e., pre-pandemic onset) distress predicted mothers' pandemic levels of distress and insensitive caregiving within a country reporting low COVID-19 death rates, and strict nationwide regulations. METHOD: Fifty-one Singaporean mothers and their preschool-aged children provided data across two waves. Pre- pandemic onset maternal distress (i.e., psychological distress, anxiety, and parenting stress) was captured via self-reports and maternal sensitivity was coded from videos. Measures were repeated after the pandemic's onset along with questionnaires concerning perceived COVID-19 adversity (e.g., COVID-19's impact upon stress caring for children, housework, job demands, etc.) and pandemic-related objective experiences (e.g., income, COVID-19 diagnoses, etc.). Regression analyses (SPSS v28) considered pre-pandemic onset maternal distress, COVID-19 stress, and their interaction upon post-pandemic onset maternal distress. Models were re-run with appropriate covariates (e.g., objective experience) when significant findings were observed. To rule out alternative models, follow up analyses (PROCESS Model) considered whether COVID-19 stress mediated pre- and post-pandemic onset associations. Models involving maternal sensitivity followed a similar data analytic plan. RESULTS: Pre-pandemic maternal distress moderated the association between COVID-19 perceived stress and pandemic levels of maternal distress (ß = 0.22, p < 0.01) but not pandemic assessed maternal sensitivity. Perceived COVID-19 stress significantly contributed to post-pandemic onset maternal distress for mothers with pre-pandemic onset distress scores above (ß = 0.30, p = 0.05), but not below (ß = 0.25, p = 0.24), the median. Objective COVID-19 adversity did not account for findings. Post-hoc analyses did not suggest mediation via COVID-19 stress from pre-pandemic to pandemic maternal distress. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-existing risk may interact with subsequent perceptions of adversity to impact well-being. In combination with existing research, this small study suggests prevention programs should focus upon managing concurrent mental health and may highlight the importance of enhanced screening and proactive coping programs for people entering high stress fields and/or phases of life.

Watching with Argus eyes: Characterization of emotional and physiological responding in adults exposed to childhood maltreatment and/or recent adversity.

Exposure to adverse experiences is a well-established major risk factor for affective psychopathology. The vulnerability of deleterious sequelae is assumed in maladaptive processes of the defensive system, particularly in emotional processing. More specifically, childhood maltreatment has been suggested to be associated with the recruitment of specific and distinct defensive response profiles. To date, it remains unclear whether these are specific or generalizable to recent adversity in adulthood. This pre-registered study aimed to investigate the impact of exposure to childhood and recent adversity on emotional processing in 685 healthy adults with the "Affective Startle Modulation" Paradigm (ASM). First, we replicated higher trait anxiety and depression levels in individuals exposed to both types of adversity. Second, we observed increased general skin conductance reactivity in individuals exposed to recent adversity. Third, individuals exposed to childhood maltreatment showed reduced, while individuals exposed to recent adversity showed increased discrimination between pictures of negative and neutral valence, compared with non-exposed individuals in SCR. No association between exposure to adversity and fear potentiated startle was observed. Furthermore, explorative analyses revealed moderate dimensional and categorical agreement between two childhood maltreatment questionnaires and provide insight into potential adversity-type specific effects. Our results support experience-dependent plasticity in sympathetic nervous system reactivity and suggest distinct response profiles in affective modulation in individuals exposed to early versus recent adversity. We emphasize the need to further explore distinct adversity profiles to further our understanding on specific psychophysiological profiles and their potential implication for prevention and intervention.

Childhood adversity during the post-apartheid transition and COVID-19 stress independently predict adult PTSD risk in urban South Africa: A biocultural analysis of the stress sensitization hypothesis.

OBJECTIVES: The COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa introduced new societal adversities and mental health threats in a country where one in three individuals are expected to develop a psychiatric condition sometime in their life. Scientists have suggested that psychosocial stress and trauma during childhood may increase one's vulnerability to the mental health consequences of future stressors-a process known as stress sensitization. This prospective analysis assessed whether childhood adversity experienced among South African children across the first 18 years of life, coinciding with the post-apartheid transition, exacerbates the mental health impacts of psychosocial stress experienced during the 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic (ca. 2020-2021). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data came from 88 adults who participated in a follow-up study of a longitudinal birth cohort study in Soweto, South Africa. Childhood adversity and COVID-19 psychosocial stress were assessed as primary predictors of adult PTSD risk, and an interaction term between childhood adversity and COVID-19 stress was calculated to evaluate the potential effect of stress sensitization. RESULTS: Fifty-six percent of adults exhibited moderate-to-severe PTSD symptoms. Greater childhood adversity and higher COVID-19 psychosocial stress independently predicted worse post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in adults. Adults who reported greater childhood adversity exhibited non-significantly worse PTSD symptoms from COVID-19 psychosocial stress. DISCUSSION: These results highlight the deleterious mental health effects of both childhood trauma and COVID-19 psychosocial stress in our sample and emphasize the need for greater and more accessible mental health support as the pandemic progresses in South Africa.

Investigating the moderating role of thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and suicidal capability in suicidal behavior

Objective: Suicide is one of the leading causes of death in the world. The present research aimed to investigate the moderating role of thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and suicidal capability in suicidal ideation, behavior, and attempts among the Iranian population. Method(s): The data were analyzed using cross-sectional regression models. The population of this study included 600 students of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili. The tools used to collect the data in this study were the Patient Health Questionnaire-2, the Depressive Symptom Index-Suicidality Subscale (DSI-SS), the Suicide Attempt Questionnaire, the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (IPTS), the Suicide Capacity Scale-3, the Adverse Childhood Experiences, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire, and the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised. Result(s): The results of this study showed that there was an interaction between thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness in suicidal behavior and DSI-SS. The results also showed that the acquired and practical capability subscales (suicidal capability) strengthen the relationship between suicidal behavior and the DSI-SS, on the one hand, and suicide attempt, on the other hand. Conclusion(s): The findings of the study showed that the interpersonal theory of suicide can pave the way to prevent suicidal ideation and behavior in Iranian society, and it is recommended that Iranian practitioners apply the theory in practice.Copyright © 2022 Yerkure Tanitim ve Yayincilik Hizmetleri A.S.. All rights reserved.

The state of teacher evaluations in California k-12 public schools during COVID-19

Three key aspects were revealed through the literature review of teacher evaluations. First, teacher evaluations have been controversial nationwide and revised from the outset. Second, the COVID-19 pandemic added a layer of complexity. Third, research on the state of teacher evaluations was minimal, particularly for California K-12 public schools. This mixed methods non-experimental case study employed a grounded theory research approach to gain an understanding of teacher evaluations during the COVID-19 pandemic. To conduct the study, human resource administrators in public school districts serving K-12 students across all 58 counties in California were invited to participate in an online survey. A total of 134 respondents representing 36 counties completed the survey, and some participated in a semi-structured interview. The data was analyzed, and a theme emerged, which was confirmed by the semi-structured interviews. This study unearthed a substantive theory: Collaboration overcomes adversity. Collaboration made supposedly impossible situations manageable. The substantive theory and findings are currently limited to education and teacher evaluations. Further exploration is recommended for policy, research, and practice. Some limitations include single-source information and limited participation from urban school districts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Health and financial impacts of COVID-19 and the relationship on the mental well-being of adults in eight English speaking countries in 2020

The extent to which the pandemic impacted human life has been repeatedly highlighted in various scientific literature. COVID-19 reminded all that human well-being as related to mental health is not just about the clinical diagnosis of mental disorders. Mental well-being encompasses Mood and Outlook, Drive and Motivation, Social Self, Mind-Body connection, Core Cognition, and Complex Cognition. Mental well-being is neither mere life satisfaction nor happiness. It is beneficial to examine how COVID-19 is related to individuals' feelings about handling life challenges. The aim of this quantitative correlational study was to measure COVID-19 related health and financial impacts on individuals and to calculate if there were associated effects on any of the person's six different domains of mental well-being using a retrospective, non-experimental correlational study design. Data collected by Sapien Labs, Inc, from over 45,000 Mental Health Million Project participants in 2020, from age 18 through 85+ across eight English-speaking countries was used. Descriptive, bivariate, and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to examine hypothesized COVID-19 health and finance relationships on the six domains of mental health well-being while controlling for covariates. The results of this study showed significant positive correlations between COVID-19 health or finance adversities and the six domains of mental well-being. The linear regression model between COVID-19 health adversities and overall mental-wellbeing were statistically significant, F(74,9937) = 6.97, p < .001, R2 = .05, CI = 95%. The linear regression model between COVID-19 finance adversities and overall mental-wellbeing were statistically significant, F(72,9939) = 7.20, p < .001, R2 = .05, CI = 95%. The results indicated that the COVID-19 pandemic might not have affected mental health globally, as much as reported in the media. Subsequently, the outcome of this study will aid effective management of mental well-being as related to similar disease outbreaks in the future. This study remained an essential first step in measuring how the objective indicators of mental well-being in the human feeling context are related to individual direct life experiences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Mental Health Perspectives of Youth & Young Adults at a Medical Sciences University in Bhutan

Purpose of Study: Since 1972, Bhutan has followed the philosophy of Gross National Happiness (GNH) - an alternative to GDP which quantifies the holistic wellness of its citizens' as opposed to the production of materials as a metric of the nation's development & prosperity. Nonetheless, the government identified youth and young adult (YYA) mental health to be a major/increasing point of concern from a 2015 national survey, indicating need for a closer look at Bhutan's mental health burden. By exploring YYA perspectives of mental health via an online survey, we hope to inform resource creation, support existing infrastructure, & guide future research. Methods Used: Survey questions were developed via collaboration of Canadian and Bhutanese shareholders to ensure cultural appropriateness and relevance. In all, 11 demographics questions, 17 10-point Likert scale questions, and 7 written answer questions were included in the survey. Students enrolled at university in Thimphu, Bhutan, between the ages of 18-25 inclusive and who are Bhutanese citizens or who have lived the majority of their life in the country were recruited via email. 289 participants consented to & completed the online survey via Qualtrics. Survey responses were quantitatively analyzed in R-Studio, save for written responses still under qualitative analysis in NVivo and not included in this discussion. Summary of Results: On average, YYA indicated feeling sad, anxious, and/or depressed more frequently than they perceived peers/family to feel the same. Strong agreement was seen regarding treatability of mental health conditions (median of 9 on 10-point Likert scale). Environmental factors, adverse childhood experiences, & personal weakness were noted to have detrimental impacts on wellbeing. The majority of respondents indicated positive familial relationships & confidence in parents to understand/support mental health issues, with medians for all family-related 10-point Likert scale questions being above 7.5. Most respondents agreed they were able to get through difficult times and be self-reliant, with all associated 10-point Likert questions having a median over 5 for moderate agreement. A general positive response to using apps or websites as mental health resources was noted. Relating to COVID-19, minimal negative outcomes in terms of diet, anxiety/depression, home life, & substance use were reported. Strong agreement (median of over 7.5 on 10-point Likert scale) was noted with regard to increases in domestic violence as a result of the pandemic. Conclusion(s): Differences between self-ratings and perceptions of others' mental health by Bhutanese YYA indicate a lack of open communication about the topic. Directing resources towards discussions about mental health may be beneficial - especially if technologically accessible. Impacts of the pandemic may continue to develop as Bhutan emerges from lockdown protocols;increasing domestic violence is a primary concern of Bhutanese YYA meriting research.

Social determinants of health, health disparities, and adiposity.

Social determinants of health (SDoH), or the socioeconomic, environmental, and psychosocial conditions in which individuals spend their daily lives, substantially influence obesity as a cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic highlighted the converging epidemics of obesity, CVD, and social inequities globally. Obesity and CVD serve as independent risk factors for COVID-19 severity and lower-resourced populations most impacted by adverse SDoH have the highest COVID-19 mortality rates. Better understanding the interplay between social and biologic factors that contribute to obesity-related CVD disparities are important to equitably address obesity across populations. Despite efforts to investigate SDoH and their biologic effects as drivers of health disparities, the connections between SDoH and obesity remain incompletely understood. This review aims to highlight the relationships between socioeconomic, environmental, and psychosocial factors and obesity. We also present potential biologic factors that may play a role in the biology of adversity, or link SDoH to adiposity and poor adipo-cardiology outcomes. Finally, we provide evidence for multi-level obesity interventions targeting multiple aspects of SDoH. Throughout, we emphasize areas for future research to tailor health equity-promoting interventions across populations to reduce obesity and obesity-related CVD disparities.

Mitigating the "Cobra Effect" when pursuing organizational resilience

This paper is a systematic literature review of organizational resilience. It aims to identify the reasons for the unintended consequences that may occur when organizations pursue resilience and how these unintended consequences could be mitigated. The analysis of 68 articles published between 2017 and 2022 indicates that organizations could have unintended consequences when pursuing organizational resilience, resulting from the organizational resilience conceptualization, models, practices, levels and the paradox of change. Consequently, several unintended consequences may arise when implementing a resilience strategy. This includes lessened leadership effectiveness, the pursuit of unrealistic objectives, low organizational creativity and innovation, overreliance on a single strategy, compromised values, fragile relationships, a short-term focus and organizational culture. Therefore, the overall construct aspects of organizational resilience should be researched and analyzed further by gathering additional empirical data that sheds more light on these issues. Aside from the challenge of defining and measuring organizational resilience, there is variability in how organizational resilience is developed. It has also been operationalized in various ways, with limited insight into empirical methods to identify resilience against future hardships. Although the notion is promising, it has been criticized for being ambiguous and lacking a uniform explanation, diminishing its relevance for practice.

Act or Wait-and-See? Adversity, Agility, and Entrepreneur Wellbeing across Countries during the COVID-19 Pandemic: ET&P

How can entrepreneurs protect their wellbeing during a crisis? Does engaging agility (namely, opportunity agility and planning agility) in response to adversity help entrepreneurs safeguard their wellbeing? Activated by adversity, agility may function as a specific resilience mechanism enabling positive adaption to crisis. We studied 3162 entrepreneurs from 20 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic and found that more severe national lockdowns enhanced firm-level adversity for entrepreneurs and diminished their wellbeing. Moreover, entrepreneurs who combined opportunity agility with planning agility experienced higher wellbeing but planning agility alone lowered wellbeing. Entrepreneur agility offers a new agentic perspective to research on entrepreneur wellbeing.

Pursuing, developing, and letting go of a passionate activity when facing adversity during a pandemic: Associations with well-being and ill-being

This research explored the role of passion when facing the COVID-19 pandemic. In three studies, we investigated the role of engaging in a pre-existing passionate activity (Studies 1 and 2), developing a new passionate activity (Studies 2 and 3), and letting go of an unavailable passionate activity (Study 3) during the pandemic. Emotions experienced when engaging in the passionate activity were examined as mediators in the relationships between the passionate engagement and psychological health. Results showed that harmonious passions (HPs) for pre-existing (Studies 1 to 3) and new activities (Studies 2 and 3) were positively related to well-being via positive emotions. HPs for pre-existing (Study 1) and new activities (Studies 2 and 3) were also negatively related to ill-being through their negative relationships with negative emotions and the positive link between a HP for a new activity and disengagement from an unavailable passionate activity (Study 3). Conversely, obsessive passions (OPs) for pre-existing (Study 1) and new activities (Study 2) were positively related to well-being, but also to negative emotions and ill-being (Studies 1 to 3). In sum, when facing a major negative event, HPs for pre-existing and new activities were positively related to more positive psychological outcomes than OPs. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

Socioeconomic disparities in adolescent anxiety and depression in Finland have not increased during the COVID-19 pandemic.

AIMS: The purpose of this research was to assess whether socioeconomic disparities in adolescent depression and anxiety in Finland increased among middle adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Repeated cross-sectional surveys (the School Health Promotion Study) from spring 2019 and spring 2021 were compared. The respondents were 87,283 eighth and ninth graders (14-16-year-olds) in 2019 and 91,560 in 2021, corresponding respectively to 73% and 75% of the age groups. Depression was measured by Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2), and anxiety with GAD-7, and adverse socioeconomic background using low parental education, not living with both parents, and family's poor financial situation. Associations of socioeconomic adversities with depression and generalised anxiety, and the effect of COVID-19 (2021 vs 2019), were analysed using logistic regression. RESULTS: Depression and anxiety were more common in both sexes the more sociodemographic adversities there were in the adolescent's background. However, increases in the prevalence of anxiety and depression from pre- to in-pandemic time did not differ with accumulating sociodemographic adversities. CONCLUSIONS: Depression and anxiety increased in prevalence among Finnish adolescents during the pandemic. Sociodemographic disparities in depression and anxiety show no increase. Emotional symptoms are nevertheless more common in adolescents from lower socioeconomic status families.

Predicted posttraumatic growth based on event centrality and contingencies of self-worth

This study was designed to test a regression model of event centrality and contingencies of self-worth as predictors of posttraumatic growth (PTG), drawing from Constructivist Self Development Theory (CSDT;Saakvitne et al., 1998). In order to participate in the study, participants had to experience at least one adverse childhood experience (ACE) and had to be 18 years or older. Individuals who experienced sexual abuse before 18 years old were excluded from the study to prevent significant discomfort to these individuals (Mersky et al., 2019). Due to conducting the study during a global pandemic, COVID-19 questions were included in the study and used in the correlations, regression model, and post-hoc analyses. Significant results included event centrality and God's love were positively correlated with PTG. Other contingencies of self-worth were not significantly correlated with PTG. Two demographic variables (marital status and education level) were significantly correlated with PTG and used as covariates in the regression model. One result indicated COVID-19 impacting participant's answers was significantly correlated with PTG, and thus, this also was used as a covariate in the regression model. Event centrality and God's love were found to significantly predict PTG in a sequential multiple regression. Post-hoc analyses suggested ACEs affected participants' coping skills during the COVID-19 pandemic, changes in self-worth occurred as a result of the pandemic, and participants made meaning of their traumatic experiences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Academic resilience model: Thriving in times of adversity

Academics around the world continue to demonstrate strength to overcome the initial hurdles of COVID-19. But resilient academics show sustained engagement despite the continuing changes and uncertainties during these ongoing challenging times. In this concluding chapter, we synthesise the key takeaways from each chapter-narratives that may support academics at every career stage to feel energised, motivated and inspired in times of adversity. We share critical insights and strategies that may assist academics forge ahead in a post- pandemic world. In doing so, we advance the Academic Resilience Model that may help academics-and institutions-thrive in times of adversity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)